{"id":817,"date":"2022-01-05T12:08:02","date_gmt":"2022-01-05T04:08:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lisaeats.com\/?p=817"},"modified":"2023-04-19T15:15:37","modified_gmt":"2023-04-19T07:15:37","slug":"systems-thinking-for-testing-basics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.lisaeats.com\/2022\/01\/05\/systems-thinking-for-testing-basics\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6784\u5efa\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u5316\u601d\u7ef4\uff08\u57fa\u7840\u7bc7\uff09\/ Building Systematic Thinking for Testing (Basic)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u597d\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6b63\u597d\u80fd\u591f\u8986\u76d6\u6240\u6d4b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u80fd\u591f\u6d4b\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u597d\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u9700\u8981\u5177\u5907\u4e0b\u5217\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u90fd\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u6b63\u597d100%\u8986\u76d6\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u505a\u5230\u5c3d\u91cf\u7684\u5b8c\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n \u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n \u529b\u6c42\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u7ed3\u5408\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u8003\u8651\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u5173\u4e8e\u7528\u4f8b\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u4e0b\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\uff1a<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u57fa\u672c\u804c\u8d23\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n \u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7b56\u7565\u4e3a\u6307\u5bfc\u3001\u6839\u636e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6765\u843d\u5730\u6267\u884c\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u76f8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4ece\u624b\u52a8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6765\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/p>\n \u624b\u52a8\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\u5c31\u662f\u624b\u5de5\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u662f\u5426\u6709\u63d0\u524d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u597d\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff08\u811a\u672c\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u811a\u672c\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u63a2\u7d22\u5f0f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n \u811a\u672c\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u6210\u719f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53ef\u80fd\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u957f\u94fe\u8def\u6765\u51c6\u5907\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6570\u636e\u3001\u6216\u8005\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5230\u8fbe\u6d4b\u8bd5\u89e6\u53d1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5305\u62ec\u73af\u5883\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4eba\u5458\u8981\u505a\u597d\u624b\u5de5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n \u5173\u4e8e\u63a2\u7d22\u5f0f\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u63a2\u7d22\u5f0f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e4b\u8def\u300b<\/a>\u4e2d\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u57fa\u4e8e\u6d4b\u7a0b\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ba1\u7406\uff08Session Based Test Management\uff0cSBTM\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6267\u884c\u63a2\u7d22\u5f0f\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ae0\u7a0b\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6d4b\u7a0b\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u6d4b\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ae0\u7a0b\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u6267\u884c\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n \u540c\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u63a2\u7d22\u5f0f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u4e25\u683c\u89c4\u5b9a\u5fc5\u987b\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u7684\u8bdd\u5c31\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u63a2\u7d22\u5f0f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u8fbe\u4e0d\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u524d\u9762\u90e8\u5206\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u628a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u6267\u884c\u653e\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/p>\n \u5de5\u5177\u9009\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n 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\u524d\u9762\u8bb2\u5230\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e0e\u8d28\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9664\u4e86\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5c55\u793a\u7ed9\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u5e2e\u52a9\u56e2\u961f\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u8272\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u505a\u5230\u4e3a\u8d28\u91cf\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u8d28\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u548c\u5206\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u5230\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5c06\u98ce\u9669\u4e5f\u4e00\u5e76\u53cd\u9988\u7ed9\u56e2\u961f\u5f88\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n \u8d28\u91cf\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u3001\u7f3a\u9677\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u51bb\u7ed3\u671f\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u8981\u6536\u96c6\u54ea\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u8fd8\u5f97\u6839\u636e\u9879\u76ee\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u5b9a\u5236\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n \u8d28\u91cf\u53cd\u9988\u5efa\u8bae\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u7531\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4eba\u5458\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5b9a\u4e49\u9700\u8981\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u534f\u540c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4eba\u5458\u4e00\u8d77\u6536\u96c6\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002<\/p>\n \u672c\u6587\u4e3a\u6784\u5efa\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u5316\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7bc7\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ece\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u804c\u8d23\u51fa\u53d1\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u521d\u7ea7\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4eba\u5458\uff1b\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7167\u7740\u770b\u770b\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u804c\u8d23\u5e73\u5e38\u90fd\u505a\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4f53\u7cfb\u91cc\u8fb9\u662f\u5426\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n Do testing personnel lack systematic thinking? Many of us have come across countless articles or training courses on testing and quality, which are not lacking in testing practices or technical content, but it is difficult to build our own testing system. Based on similar doubts from many friends and my own team practice and consulting experience over the years, I will discuss the construction of systematic thinking for testing at three different levels: basic, intermediate, and advanced.<\/p>\n I previously wrote an article "Great QA<\/a>" targeting graduates who want to pursue a career in QA. The article discusses five basic responsibilities of QA:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Recently, a friend asked me to share what aspects of systematic testing they should pay attention to. I thought of these five basic responsibilities again. In the original article, the five responsibilities were explained based on the demand for producing cups. This article will expand on each responsibility and analyze what testers need to do and how to do it from the perspective of testing practice and methodology.<\/p>\n Business requirements are the source of software development, and correctly understanding requirements is crucial. Understanding and clarifying requirements is also an essential part of testing work.<\/p>\n How can testers understand and clarify requirements? I believe testers can understand and clarify business requirements from the following three dimensions:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Detailed content about these dimensions is introduced in the article "How Agile Testing Optimizes Business Value<\/a>".<\/p>\n In addition to understanding business requirements, the quality of requirement description also needs to be taken into account. Testability of requirements is the most important aspect of requirement quality, for the following reasons:<\/p>\n The testability of requirements is mainly reflected in the following three dimensions:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The completeness of requirements mainly refers to the need to consider all process paths, require complete logical links, and include both positive and negative scenarios.<\/p>\n For example: <\/p>\n Clear definitions are needed for both successful login using correct username and password and what happens when incorrect username or password is used.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Requirement descriptions should not use subjective language, but should be supported with objective data and examples. <\/p>\n For example, the following subjective description is a very poor requirement example:<\/p>\n The system should be easy for experienced engineers to use and should minimize user errors as much as possible.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n It is recommended to use the method of "Specification by Example<\/a>" to write requirement documents, which expresses business rules through examples. This method is not only easy for different roles in the team to understand, but also avoids ambiguity.<\/p>\n Independence mainly refers to individual business functional points (user stories in agile development), which should be as independent as possible, with clear boundaries from other functions, to reduce the untestability caused by dependencies.<\/p>\n For example: <\/p>\n Inputs and outputs should be verifiable in the same functional point, and the input of Function A cannot be verified through the output of Function B.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n In agile development, user stories follow the INVEST principle<\/a>, which separates testability and independence. However, I believe that independence also affects testability and should be considered as a factor in testability.<\/p>\n Developing strategies and designing tests is the most critical responsibility among the five responsibilities, covering a wide range of content. It may seem like there are two parts, strategy and test design, but in fact, it includes every aspect that needs to be considered for testing. Below are some valuable aspects that I have selected to introduce separately.<\/p>\n Strategy is direction, and to do a good job in software testing, guidance from a testing strategy is essential. Testing strategies may be challenging for testers with little experience. However, the "One-page Test Strategy<\/a>" that I proposed can help testers think and develop testing strategies suitable for their projects. The "One-page Test Strategy<\/a>" is shown below:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The "One-page Test Strategy<\/a>" clearly defines the three parts that need to be considered in a testing strategy:<\/p>\n For more details, please refer to my article on the "One-page Test Strategy<\/a>".<\/p>\n We often find that some teams have clearly defined testing process, but there are no strict criteria for what each step should achieve, and many quality-related tasks are not done well, resulting in huge pressure on testers in the later stages of testing or low final quality of delivery.<\/p>\n The "One Page Test Strategy<\/a>" already includes the testing process part, but it is mentioned again here mainly to emphasize the importance of quality gates. The testing process may be different for each project or team, but regardless of the steps included in the testing process, the output of each step must be clearly defined, that is, the quality gates of each step must be defined clearly, as shown in the following figure:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Note: This figure is for illustration purposes only. The actual situation needs to be adapted according to the team's own situation.<\/em><\/p>\n The testing process figure example above lists various types of testing, but there are actually many more types of testing than those shown. Due to length limitations and the fact that this is not the focus of this article, here only introduces four typical types of testing that are closely related to testers. These four types of testing are classified differently, and a detailed explanation is not sought here. For those who are interested but unclear, please search online for more information.<\/p>\n Smoke testing originated from the testing of circuit boards, which involved powering on the board to see if it emitted smoke. If smoke was produced, it meant that the board could not function properly and there was no need to validate other functions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n In software, smoke testing verifies the basic behavior of the software, such as "Does the program run?", "Does the user interface open?" or "Is the click event effective?" Only when the smoke test passes is it necessary to carry out further validation of the software's functional testing; otherwise, a new version must be repaired before continuing.<\/p>\n We found that some teams only perform smoke testing on new developed features, which is not quite correct, or rather, this test is not called smoke testing. Smoke testing should verify the basic behavior of the entire system, regardless of whether the feature is old or new.<\/p>\n The purpose of regression testing is to verify whether the development of new features or bug fixes have affected existing features. Therefore, regression testing mainly focuses on existing features, and testing new features is not called regression testing.<\/p>\n There are usually four strategies for regression testing:<\/p>\n Regression testing can be done manually or through automation, but the amount of regression testing required is usually large, so automated testing is more efficient.<\/p>\n End-to-end testing is classified based on the granularity of test coverage, and is related to unit testing and interface testing.<\/p>\n End-to-end testing verifies the entire software and its integration with external interfaces from start to finish. Its purpose is to test the dependencies and data integrity of the entire software, as well as its communication with other systems, interfaces, and databases, in order to simulate complete business processes. Therefore, end-to-end testing is the most valuable type of testing as it reflects users' real business behavior.<\/p>\n However, because end-to-end testing involves various related components of the system and external dependencies, its stability and execution costs are relatively high. Therefore, there are interface testing and unit testing with smaller coverage ranges. These tests are usually implemented by isolating dependencies and will not be discussed in detail here.<\/p>\n Exploratory testing was proposed by Dr. Cem Kaner in 1983 and is in contrast to scripted testing.<\/p>\n Dr. Cem Kaner defined exploratory testing as follows:<\/p>\n "Exploratory testing is a style of software testing that emphasizes the personal freedom and responsibility of the individual tester to continually optimize the quality of his\/her work by treating test-related learning, test design, test execution, and test result interpretation as mutually supportive activities that run in parallel throughout the project."<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n The core of exploratory testing is to iterate quickly by treating test-related learning, test design, test execution, and test result interpretation as a cycle in order to continuously collect feedback, adjust testing, and optimize value.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Exploratory testing particularly requires testers to have subjective initiative and to work in an environment that encourages test innovation. If the requirements for testing metrics are too high and the testers' subjective initiative cannot be fully utilized, the effectiveness of exploratory testing is limited.<\/p>\n Exploratory testing is a relatively free testing style that should not be restricted by various testing models, and its execution method should not be strictly defined, as this would affect its effectiveness.<\/p>\n For more information on exploratory testing, please refer to the article "Exploratory Testing Practice<\/a>" by my colleague Liu Ran at Thoughtworks and the article "Exploratory Testing in Agile Projects<\/a>" by Shi Xiangyang.<\/p>\n When introducing end-to-end testing earlier, different coverage ranges of tests were mentioned, including unit testing and interface testing. The layered strategy for automated testing is to stratify these different granularities of test types and suggest that automated testing should consider the coverage ratio of different layers based on factors such as cost and stability.<\/p>\n According to Google's testing law shown in the figure below, we can clearly see the differences in the repair costs after different layers of tests discover problems. The repair cost of problems found by unit testing is much lower than that of end-to-end testing. Therefore, it is generally recommended that testing stratification should tend to the pattern of the Testing Pyrami<\/a>d, as shown on the right side of the figure below. Ham Vocke, a colleague at Thoughtworks, provides a detailed introduction to this in his article "The Practical Test Pyramid<\/a>".<\/p>\n <\/p>\n It is worth noting that the Testing Pyramid is not a silver bullet and the testing strategy is not fixed. It needs to be adjusted and evolved periodically according to the actual situation to meet the current product\/project quality objectives.<\/p>\n For more information about automated testing layering, you can also refer to the following articles:<\/p>\n Designing test cases is a basic skill that every tester must have. The quality of test cases directly affects the effectiveness of testing, and the importance of test cases is self-evident. However, designing good test cases is not a simple task. Here, test cases are not distinguished between manual cases and automated cases.<\/p>\n First of all, it is necessary to understand what kind of test cases are considered good.<\/p>\n Good test cases should be able to completely cover the tested software system and be able to detect all issues. Therefore, good test cases should have the following characteristics:<\/p>\n Of course, due to the complexity of the software system, not all test cases can achieve 100% coverage, but can only achieve as much completeness as possible.<\/p>\n To strive for complete test cases, it is necessary to understand the corresponding test case design methods. Test cases should be designed by considering both business requirements and system characteristics. The following test case design methods are commonly recommended:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n For test case design, the following articles can also be referenced:<\/p>\n The third basic responsibility of testing is the implementation and execution of tests.<\/p>\n Implementation and execution of tests means carrying out the corresponding test activities based on the testing strategy and the designed tests. This part is relatively simple and can be briefly introduced from two dimensions: manual testing and automated testing.<\/p>\n Manual testing, as the name suggests, is testing that is done manually. Depending on whether there are pre-designed test cases (scripts), it can be divided into scripted testing and exploratory testing.<\/p>\n The execution of scripted testing is relatively simple with mature test cases. However, some tests may require complex preparation work, such as preparing test data through a long chain, or making the system reach the state of triggering the test. In addition, it may be necessary to consider the configuration adjustments corresponding to different environments, as well as the preparation and management of the environment. These are the contents that the tester may need to be involved in for manual testing.<\/p>\n Regarding exploratory testing, the book "Exploratory Testing: A Practical Guide<\/a>" introduces the Session-Based Test Management (SBTM) method based on test levels to carry out exploratory testing. Testers decompose the testing charter into a series of test levels, and complete the design, execution, and recording of a specific testing charter in the test level.<\/p>\n Similarly, this method has certain guiding significance for exploratory testing, but it is not recommended to strictly follow this mode of execution, otherwise it will destroy the essence of exploratory testing and not achieve the corresponding effect.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The previous section introduced the layering strategy of automated testing, and here we will focus on the implementation and execution of automated testing.<\/p>\n The implementation of automated testing relies on automated testing tools, so the selection of tools is critical. Generally, the following factors need to be considered when selecting tools:<\/p>\n Articles on automated testing can be found everywhere. Here, we emphasize not to hard code test data in the test scripts. Data should be independent and driven to improve the reusability of the test code.<\/p>\n Do you think that after implementing automated testing, the execution is as simple as running the tests? Not really. The execution of testing also requires certain strategies, such as setting different execution frequencies for different tests, integrating automated testing with pipelines to achieve continuous testing and feedback, and maximizing the value of automated testing.<\/p>\n Regarding automated testing, we recommend reading the following articles:<\/p>\n The fourth basic responsibility of testing is defect management and analysis.<\/p>\n Defects are very valuable for software quality and software testing, and good defect management and analysis can bring great value, but it is often overlooked.<\/p>\n A crucial part of defect management is understanding the defect's life cycle. People often think that defects only need to be discovered, fixed, and verified, but there are more steps to the life cycle than these. I believe that the defect life cycle should include the following stages:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Regarding defect management and analysis, I have previously written relevant articles. Friends are welcome to read them:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The fifth basic responsibility of testing is quality feedback and risk identification.<\/p>\n Testing needs to have a clear understanding of the product's quality status, be able to identify quality risks in a timely manner, and provide feedback to the entire team.<\/p>\n In addition to defect information, there may be many other quality-related data, which can be collected and statistically analyzed. Visualizing this data and presenting it to the team will help team members in different roles better take responsibility for quality. It is also necessary to identify quality risks during the statistical analysis of quality data and provide feedback to the team.<\/p>\n Quality status information may include test coverage, defect-related data, code freeze period length, test waiting time, and other content. Specific information that needs to be collected should be customized according to the actual quality requirements of the project.<\/p>\n It is recommended to conduct periodic quality feedback. tester should lead the definition of the data that needs to be collected, and developer should work with tester to collect relevant data. developer may also need to participate in the subsequent analysis process.<\/p>\n This article is the foundation of building a systematic thinking for testing. It mainly starts from the basic responsibilities of testing, introduces related methods, tools, and practices, and is suitable for junior tester. Of course, for intermediate and senior tester, they can also check whether they have fulfilled these basic responsibilities in their own testing system.<\/p>\n Finally, you can follow my self-published book "Beyond Testing (in Chinese)<\/a>", which introduces content that tester or QA need to pay attention to beyond the basic responsibilities of testing.<\/p>\n
\n(\u6587\u672b\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u6f14\u6280\u89c6\u9891)<\/p>\n
\n\u3010\u4e2d\u6587\u7248 Chinese version\u3011<\/h2>\n
00 \u5f15\u8a00<\/h3>\n
1. \u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u804a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4f53\u7cfb<\/h4>\n
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\n\u65b0\u5efa\u4ea7\u54c1\u56e2\u961f\u6216\u8005\u65b0\u542f\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u642d\u5efa\u8d28\u91cf\u4fdd\u969c\u4f53\u7cfb\uff1f<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n
2. \u57fa\u7840\u7bc7\u6982\u8ff0<\/h4>\n
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01 \u6d4b\u8bd5\u57fa\u672c\u804c\u8d23\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u6f84\u6e05\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42<\/h3>\n
1. \u7406\u89e3\u548c\u6f84\u6e05\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/h4>\n
2. \u9700\u6c42\u7684\u53ef\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6027<\/h4>\n
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02 \u6d4b\u8bd5\u57fa\u672c\u804c\u8d23\u4e4b\u4e8c\uff1a\u5236\u5b9a\u7b56\u7565\u5e76\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h3>\n
1. \u4e00\u9875\u7eb8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7b56\u7565<\/h4>\n
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5. \u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b<\/h4>\n
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03 \u6d4b\u8bd5\u57fa\u672c\u804c\u8d23\u4e4b\u4e09\uff1a\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h3>\n
1. \u624b\u52a8\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h4>\n
2. \u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h4>\n
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04 \u6d4b\u8bd5\u57fa\u672c\u804c\u8d23\u4e4b\u56db\uff1a\u7f3a\u9677\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n
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05 \u6d4b\u8bd5\u57fa\u672c\u804c\u8d23\u4e4b\u4e94\uff1a\u8d28\u91cf\u53cd\u9988\u4e0e\u98ce\u9669\u8bc6\u522b<\/h3>\n
06 \u5199\u5728\u6700\u540e<\/h3>\n
\n\u3010\u82f1\u6587\u7248 English Version\u3011<\/h2>\n
00 Introduction<\/h3>\n
0.1 Three levels of Systematic Thinking for Testing<\/h4>\n
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\nHow to build a quality assurance system for new product teams or projects?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n
0.2 Overview of the Basics<\/h4>\n
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01 First Basic Responsibility: Understanding and Clarifying Business Requirements<\/h3>\n
1.1 Dimensions of Understanding and Clarifying Business Requirements<\/h4>\n
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1.2 Testability of Requirements<\/h4>\n
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1. Completeness<\/h5>\n
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2. Objectivity<\/h5>\n
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3. Independence<\/h5>\n
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02 Second Basic Responsibility: Developing Strategies and Designing Tests<\/h3>\n
2.1 One-page Test Strategy<\/h4>\n
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2.2 Testing Process and Quality Gate<\/h4>\n
2.3 Typical types of testing<\/h4>\n
1. Smoke testing<\/h5>\n
2. Regression testing<\/h5>\n
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3. End-to-End Testing<\/h5>\n
4. Exploratory Testing<\/h5>\n
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2.4 Automated Testing Layered Strategy<\/h4>\n
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2.5 Test Cases<\/h4>\n
1. Good Test Cases<\/h5>\n
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2. Test Case Design Method<\/h5>\n
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03 Third Basic Responsibility: Implementation and Execution of Tests<\/h3>\n
3.1 Manual Testing<\/h4>\n
3.2 Automated Testing<\/h4>\n
1. Tool Selection<\/h5>\n
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2. Test Implementation<\/h5>\n
3. Execution of Automated Testing<\/h5>\n
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04 Fourth Basic Responsibility: Defect Management and Analysis<\/h3>\n
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05 Fifth Basic Responsibility: Quality Feedback and Risk Identification<\/h3>\n
06 Conclusion<\/h3>\n
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